The benefits provided by natural ecosystems are both widely recognized and poorly understood. What is increasingly clear, however, is that natural ecosystems are under enormous pressure around the world from growing demand place on them by human economic. Growth of human populations and prosperity translate into increased of conversion of natural ecosystem to intensive agricultural, industrial or residential use, but also into increased demand for ecosystem inputs such as fresh water, fiber, soil fertility, as well as increased pressure on capacity of natural ecosystem to assimilate our waste, including air and water pollution as well as solid waste. In short, we are asking more and more from natural ecosystems even we reduce their capacity to meet our need.

It is also the fact, that poverty is major problem in developing world. Responding the poverty issues as well as the need and aspiration of growing population is important for societal goal. Recognising that the most poverty is rural, as are most protected and conservation areas, a relationship between poverty and environmental sustainability is an intimate one. The primary goal of most protected areas is to conserve biological diversity and provide ecosystem services, not to reduce poverty. However, examination of the linkages between environmental conservation efforts and poverty in developing countries has become practical and ethical necessity. Practical, because to survive, conservation areas in poorest nations must be seen as a land-use option that contributes as possitively to sustainable development as other types of land use. And ethical, because human rights and aspirations need to be incorporated into natural and global conservation strategies, if social justice is to be realised. The community-based environmental conservation project is based on idea that if conservation and development can be simultaneusly achieved, then interests of both could be served. The community-based environmental conservation is also practical model of sustainable development. The increasing global concerns on poverty reduction such as Millenium Development Goals (MDGs), the practical model of sustainable development is not only important but also urgent. The translation of framework of MDGs from global principle to local practical is key for achieving significants global effort to reduce poverty, especially in developing world.